Foods that are an "excellent source" of a particular nutrient provide 20% or more of the recommended daily value. As with all shellfish, except shrimp, mussels should be checked to ensure they are still alive just before they are cooked; enzymes quickly break down the meat and make them unpalatable or poisonous after dying or uncooked. Further, the topography of the middle to southern Okinawa Trough changes remarkably. Significant positive bulk geochemical Zn:Ag correlations occur for deposits at vent fields where hydrothermal fluids have a minimum pH (at 25 °C) < 3.3, while correlations of Zn:Ag are weak or negative for deposits at vent fields where the minimum vent fluid pH (at 25 °C) > 3.6. The dinoflagellates and their toxin are harmless to mussels, even when concentrated by the mussel's filter feeding, but if the mussels are consumed by humans, the concentrated toxins cause serious illness, such as paralytic shellfish poisoning. These data suggest that ferromanganese crusts in the northwest Pacific recorded paleomagnetic reversals and that reversal patterns can be used for ocean-scale correlations. This difference indicates a different isotopic composition of the carbon source, assuming constant isotopic fractionation during mussel (~ + 11‰) … The plate is very popular among tourists and low classes, probably because of the hot climate that favours mussels reproduction. Instead, mussels became a popular substitute for most meats (with the exception of chicken).[17]. Studies of the chemical characteristics of mussels and clams in seafloor hydrothermal fields are important for understanding mass fluxes and elemental partitioning from hydrothermal vents into the biosphere, metal bioaccumulation of seafloor hydrothermal ecosystems, and the sources and sinks of biogeochemical and fluid cycles. In all five samples, we found a consistent reversal pattern of N1–R1–N2–R2–N3 from the surface to the inner part of the crust. The Zn–Pb- and Fe–Zn-rich massive sulfides, and silica-rich precipitates represent the medium–high temperature (>120 °C) early–middle stages of mineralization, formed under reducing conditions at low sulfur fugacity (fS2), based on the occurrence of low-fS2 mineral assemblages (e.g. Like most bivalves, mussels have a large organ called a foot. The oldest maximum age of initiation of crust growth was at 76 Ma (Campanian, Late Cretaceous). Freshwater zebra mussels and their relatives in the family Dreissenidae are not related to previously mentioned groups, even though they resemble many Mytilus species in shape, and live attached to rocks and other hard surfaces in a similar manner, using a byssus. An intermediate laminated zone with higher contents of Fe, Si and P, high growth rates reaching 4.5 mm/Ma, and precipitation of Fe-Mn oxides during the interval 24.5–16 Ma is related to periods of ventilation of the OMZ by intrusion of deep upwelling currents. In contrast, shells of the clam Calyptogena near the Iheya Ridge hydrothermal field in the Okinawa Trough display a seawater REE pattern without any positive Eu anomaly, indicating that the influence of hydrothermal fluid is negligible for this species (Hongo and Nozaki, 2001). The magnetostratigraphic method suggests constant growth rates of 1.49, 2.54, 3.56 and 3.67 mm/Ma for four samples, three of which are consistent with those estimated using 10Be/9Be dating at the 2σ (standard deviation) level. It is used to pull the animal through the substrate (typically sand, gravel, or silt) in which it lies partially buried. This field was discovered during the HOBAB3 cruise in 2014 and contains four types of hydrothermal precipitates: Fe–Zn- and Zn–Pb-rich massive sulfides, silica-rich precipitates, and native sulfur-rich samples. In some areas of the world, mussel farmers collect naturally occurring marine mussel seed for transfer to more appropriate growing areas, however, most North American mussel farmers rely on hatchery-produced seed. These mineral lining compositions thus can be used as indicators of hydrothermal fluid temperature and composition (pH, metal content, sulfur fugacity). These groups have in common a shell whose outline is elongated and asymmetrical compared with other edible clams, which are often more or less rounded or oval. In the United States and Canada, areas home to the most diverse freshwater mussel fauna in the world, there are 297 known freshwater mussel taxa. The common name "mussel" is also used for many freshwater bivalves, including the freshwater pearl mussels. Thus, these elements may be used as markers of putative changes in metal exposure over a mussel's lifespan (Kádár and Costa, 2006). The total LREE concentrations of mussel and clam tissue samples are higher than those of the mussel and clam shell samples, are similar to the hydrothermal fluids, exhibit LREE enrichment (LaCN/NdCN ratios = 1.86-32.1), and no or only slightly negative Eu anomalies, indicating that benthic animals are a sink of LREEs from hydrothermal fluids, and that the Eu/Eu* ratios of fluids change when fluids are incorporated into the tissues of the mussels and clams. Marine nutrient bioextraction is the practice of farming and harvesting marine organisms such as shellfish and seaweed for the purpose of reducing nutrient pollution. Both marine and freshwater mussels are filter feeders; they feed on plankton and other microscopic sea creatures which are free-floating in seawater. Takuyo-Daigo is a Cretaceous seamount located in the northwest Pacific Ocean. Glochidia are generally species-specific, and will only live if they find the correct fish host. "[19][20], Although mussels are valued as food, mussel poisoning due to toxic planktonic organisms can be a danger along some coastlines. Mussel shell periostracum and carbonate bound organic matter document seasonal variability in the isotopic composition of riverine suspended particulate organic matter. J1 juveniles of 1 month old, J2 juveniles of … Calcined “tahong” shells appear to be very white, which were as white as the commercial calcium carbonate. We are the first to measure the mineral, major, trace and rare earth element, and carbon and oxygen isotope compositions of mussels (Bathymodiolus platifrons) and clams (Conchocele bisecta) from the Tangyin and Yonaguni Knoll IV hydrothermal fields in the southwestern Okinawa Trough.
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